Mpls vs Gmpls

 1. MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching)


· Primary Domain: The Packet-Switched Network (PSN) layer (OSI Layer 2.5). It sits between IP (Layer 3) and Ethernet/PPP (Layer 2).

· What it Switches: Packets (IP packets, Ethernet frames).

· Forwarding Paradigm: Label Swapping. Each router swaps an incoming label for an outgoing label and sends the packet out a specific interface.

· Key Applications:

  · Traffic Engineering (TE): Creating explicit, optimal paths for different types of traffic (e.g., voice vs. bulk data) to avoid congestion.

  · VPNs (L3VPN & L2VPN): Providing secure, virtual private networks over a shared service provider backbone.

  · Fast Reroute: Providing sub-50ms recovery from link/node failures by pre-calculating backup LSPs.

  · QoS: Assigning different service levels based on labels.

· Control Plane: Uses extended IP routing protocols (OSPF-TE, IS-IS-TE) and the RSVP-TE or LDP signaling protocol to set up LSPs.


In short: MPLS is for intelligently routing data packets through a network.


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2. GMPLS (Generalized MPLS)


· Primary Domain: Generalized to multiple network layers. It extends the MPLS concept beyond just packet interfaces.

· What it Switches: Time slots, wavelengths, physical fibers, and... packets. GMPLS can control:

  · Fiber-Switch Capable (FSC): Switch an entire physical fiber (e.g., an optical cross-connect).

  · Lambda-Switch Capable (LSC): Switch individual wavelengths (λ) of light (e.g., a Wavelength Selective Switch - WSS in optical networks!).

  · Time-Division Multiplex Capable (TDM): Switch SONET/SDH time slots (e.g., an OC-48, STM-1).

  · Packet-Switch Capable (PSC): The original MPLS domain (switching packets).

· Forwarding Paradigm: Label = A Physical Resource. A "label" can now represent a wavelength, a time slot, or a port on an optical switch. The switching action is physically different (e.g., configuring an optical cross-connect).

· Key Applications:

  · Optical Transport Network (OTN) & DWDM Control: Automatically provisioning and tearing down light paths (end-to-end wavelengths).

  · Unified Control Plane: Creating a single, intelligent control plane that manages the entire network—from the fiber layer up to the packet layer. This enables Automated Switched Transport Network (ASTN).

  · End-to-End Service Provisioning: A service request can trigger the setup of a wavelength, then a TDM circuit, then a packet LSP, all coordinated by GMPLS.

· Control Plane: Uses greatly enhanced versions of OSPF-TE and RSVP-TE to advertise the properties and availability of these generalized resources and to signal for their establishment.


In short: GMPLS is for automating the provisioning and control of the entire transport infrastructure (fiber, lambdas, TDM circuits) that packet networks run over.

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