SMF vs MMF

Single-mode fiber (SMF) and multi-mode fiber (MMF) are two types of optical fiber used for data transmission. Here’s how they compare:

Single-Mode Fiber (SMF)

  • Core Diameter: Small (typically 8-10 µm)
  • Light Propagation: Uses a single light mode, allowing light to travel straight with minimal dispersion.
  • Distance: Suitable for long-distance communication (up to 100 km+).
  • Bandwidth: Higher bandwidth due to less dispersion.
  • Light Source: Uses a laser as the light source.
  • Cost: More expensive due to laser sources and higher precision requirements.
  • Application: Used in long-haul telecommunications, high-speed internet, and data centers.

Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF)

  • Core Diameter: Larger (50-62.5 µm)
  • Light Propagation: Multiple light modes, leading to modal dispersion and signal degradation over long distances.
  • Distance: Suitable for short distances (typically up to 500m).
  • Bandwidth: Lower than SMF due to dispersion.
  • Light Source: Uses LEDs or VCSELs (Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers).
  • Cost: Cheaper than SMF due to less expensive light sources.
  • Application: Used in LANs, data centers, and short-distance networking.

Key Differences

Which One to Choose?

  • Choose SMF if you need high-speed, long-distance communication.
  • Choose MMF if you're working within a building or campus where cost and ease of installation.

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